An X-ray machine uses a tunnel lined with lead through which baggage is moved. At the end of this tunnel, a detector converts incoming X-rays into electrical signals and transmits them to a computer for image processing. The resulting scan shows the position of objects in the bag, and their approximate composition and density. Organic materials, such as food and paper, appear orange while metals or explosives are shown in blue or green.
The X-ray fog produced by this type of scanning device appears as soft-edged bands on the photographic film and can run lengthwise or horizontally. It may have a more or less linear appearance, and it can undulate depending on the position of the bag within the tunnel and the number of laps made around the roll of film. Because X-ray fog damages the film in patterns that can’t be corrected during the printing or duplicating process, this type of scanner is rarely used today.
Another type of baggage X-ray machine is a full bag scanner, which gives a high-dose scan of the entire bag on the first pass. These machines damage the film in the bag, usually producing a fogged and grainy pattern across the entire photograph or roll of film. When these machines are being refurbished, it is important that new radiation surveys are performed to ensure that the shielding and barriers are in place and not leaking. It is also necessary to conduct regular preventive maintenance on these machines, as well as periodic radiation surveys of the areas around them.
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